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\n

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\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\/\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 250,000 \u0625\u0644\u0649 500,000 \u0634\u062e\u0635.[<\/span>21]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>22]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>23]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>24]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u00a0\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646\u064a\u00a0\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0637\u064a\u00a0\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.[<\/span>25]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0648\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u00a0\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u00a0\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627.[<\/span>26]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u00a0\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u00a0\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\n

<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n

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\n

<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n

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\n

<\/span>\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n

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\n

<\/span>\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n

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\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1914 \u0628\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0630\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646.[<\/span>41]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c[<\/span>41]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629.[<\/span>41]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

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\n

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\n

<\/span>\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0627<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n

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\n

<\/span>\u0647\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n

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\n

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\n

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\n

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\n

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\n

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\n

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\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u0622\u0645\u062f\u00a0(\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0643\u0631) \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\u00a0\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 70,000 \u0625\u0644\u0649 100,000.[<\/span>79]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

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\n

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\n

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\n

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<\/figure>\n

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\n

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\n

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\n

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\n

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\n

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\n

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\n\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u062d \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1914 \u06481923 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0637\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2008 \u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\/\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\/\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629.[<\/span>119]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>120]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>121]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 82 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n

<\/span>\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n

\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u00a0\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u00a0\u0648\u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.[<\/span>125]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>126]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u0641\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.[<\/span>126]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0639 69 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0645\u00a0\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1985 \u064a\u062d\u062b\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c[<\/span>127]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 68 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629.[<\/span>128]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>129]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>130]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a: \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u00ab\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644\u00bb \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1896.[<\/span>131]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n
  2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627.[<\/span>132]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u00ab\u0625\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0641\u064a 1\u00a0\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u00a02005\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646.[<\/span>133]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0641 2011 \u062a\u0645 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u00a0\u0637\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0631\u00a0\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u00ab\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u00bb. \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a.[<\/span>134]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

    <\/span>\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n

    \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u00a024 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631\u00a0\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 250 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u00a0\u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0644 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0645\u00a07 \u0622\u0628\u00a0\u0628\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0644\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a\u00a0\u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627[<\/span>135]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627[<\/span>136]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627[<\/span>137]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u00a0\u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\/\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\/\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n
    \n

    <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
      \n
    1. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0Khosroeva 2007\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a\u00a0270\u2013271.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    2. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup>\u00a0\u062c<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0Alexander Laban Hinton, Thomas La Pointe, Douglas Irvin-Erickson.\u00a0Hidden Genocides: Power, Knowledge, Memory<\/i>. p. 117. Rutgers University Press, 2013 (\u0631\u062f\u0645\u0643\u00a00813561647<\/span><\/span>)\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a016 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2021 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    3. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Gaunt, Atto & Barthoma 2017\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a02.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    4. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0Travis 2006\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0327\u2013371.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    5. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Naby\u060c Eden\u00a0(2017).\u00a0“Abduction, Rape and Genocide: Urmia’s Assyrian Girls and Women”.\u00a0The Assyrian Genocide: Cultural and Political Legacies<\/i>. London: Routledge. \u062c.\u00a01. \u0635.\u00a0158\u2013177.\u00a0ISBN:9781138284050<\/bdi>.<\/cite><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    6. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Gaunt, David. “The Ottoman Treatment of Assyrians” in\u00a0Grigor Suny\u060c Ronald\u061b Muge Gogek\u060c Fatma\u061b Naimark\u060c Norman M.\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2011).\u00a0A Question of Genocide: Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire<\/i>. Oxford University Press. \u0635.\u00a0245.\u00a0ISBN:9780199781041<\/bdi>. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u00a0\u0641\u064a 2021-03-22. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u00a02015-02-26<\/span><\/span>.<\/cite><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    7. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Ak\u00e7am\u060c Taner\u00a0(2012).\u00a0The Young Turks’ Crime against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire<\/i>.\u00a0\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646. \u0635.\u00a0xx-xxi.\u00a0ISBN:9781400841844<\/bdi>.<\/cite>\u00a0\u2013 Accessed on\u00a0\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644\u00a0on 26 February 2015.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    8. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Courtois 2004\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0237.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    9. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Gaunt 2015\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a088.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    10. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Gaunt, Atto & Barthoma 2017\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a021.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    11. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Khosroeva 2007\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0271.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    12. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0The Assyrian Genocide, 1914 to 1923 and 1933 up to the present,\u00a0\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0632“\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629”. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 2012-03-22. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u00a02011-06-08<\/span><\/span>.<\/cite><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    13. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Aprim 2005\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a049<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    14. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Yeor, Kochan & Littman 2001\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0148<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    15. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Gaunt 2017\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a\u00a054\u201369.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    16. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Gaunt, Atto & Barthoma 2017\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a\u00a01\u201332.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    17. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Khosroeva 2007\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a\u00a0267\u2013274.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    18. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0Travis 2010\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0237\u2013278.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    19. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Schaller, Dominik J. and Zimmerer, J\u00fcrgen (2008) “Late Ottoman Genocides: The Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies.”\u00a0Journal of Genocide Research<\/i>, 10:1, pp. 7\u201314.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    20. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Courtois 2004\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0248.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    21. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0The Plight of Religious Minorities: Can Religious Pluralism Survive? – Page 51 by United States Congress<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    22. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Hovannisian 2007\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0272<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    23. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Not Even My Name: A True Story – Page 131 by Thea Halo<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    24. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0The Political Dictionary of Modern Middle East by Agnes G. Korbani<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    25. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Schaller 2009\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a014<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    26. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Totten, Bartrop & Jacobs 2008\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a026<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    27. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Resolution on genocides committed by the Ottoman empire<\/i>\u00a0(PDF)<\/span>\u060c International Association of Genocide Scholars\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u00a0(\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629)<\/span>\u00a0\u0641\u064a 2012-01-17<\/cite>.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    28. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Gaunt, David.\u00a0Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I<\/i>. Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press, 2006.\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a017 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2015 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    29. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Schaller\u060c Dominik J\u061b Zimmerer\u060c J\u00fcrgen (2008). “Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies\u00a0\u2013 introduction”.\u00a0Journal of Genocide Research<\/i>. \u062c.\u00a010 \u0639.\u00a01: 7\u201314.\u00a0DOI:10.1080\/14623520801950820.<\/cite><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    30. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Sabri Atman,\u00a0The Assyrian Genocide: A Largely Unknown Genocide that was a Product of Ottoman Jihad, as were the Armenian and Greek Genocides, GenocidePreventionNow\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a013 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2016 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    31. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a01. Orthodox Christianity\u2019s geographic center remains in Central and Eastern Europe\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a025 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2018 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    32. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0723\u071d\u0726\u0710 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a022 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2020 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    33. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 s\u00fcryani katliam\u0131\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a003 2\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u06316 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    34. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0“In 1918, according to the Los Angeles Times, Ambassador Morgenthau confirmed that the Ottoman Empire had ‘massacred fully 2,000,000 men, women, and children — Greeks, Assyrians, Armenians; fully 1,500,000 Armenians.'” Hannibal Travis,\u00a0‘Native Christians Massacred’: The Ottoman Genocide of the Assyrians During World War I<\/i>, Genocide Studies and Prevention, Vol. 1, No. 3, p. 327, December 2006\u00a0[1]\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a028 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2017 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    35. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Richard G. (EDT) Hovannisian “The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times” page 198<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    36. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Nationalism – Middle East – The Emergence Of Modern Nationalisms Read more: Nationalism – Middle East – The Emergence Of Modern Nationalisms – Century, Ottoman, Arab, Turkish, Nineteenth, and European\u060c Science Encyclopedia\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a003 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2017 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    37. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Armenian Massacres\u060c\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00a0“\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629”. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 2013-03-09. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u00a02011-06-04<\/span><\/span>.<\/cite><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    38. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Erickson, Edward J. (2001).\u00a0Ordered to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War<\/i>. Greenwood Publishing Group.\u00a0ISBN:9780313315169<\/bdi>.<\/cite><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    39. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0McDowall 2000\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0104-105<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    40. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup>\u00a0\u062c<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0Stafford 2006\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a023<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    41. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup>\u00a0\u062c<\/sup>\u00a0\u062f<\/sup>\u00a0\u0647<\/sup>\u00a0\u0648<\/sup>\u00a0\u0632<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0Travis, Hannibal.\u00a0Genocide in the Middle East: The Ottoman Empire, Iraq, and Sudan<\/i>. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 2010, 2007, pp. 237\u201377, 293\u2013294.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    42. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0Khosoreva, Anahit. “The Assyrian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire and Adjacent Territories” in\u00a0The Armenian Genocide: Cultural and Ethical Legacies<\/i>. Ed.\u00a0\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2007, pp. 267\u2013274. (\u0631\u062f\u0645\u0643\u00a01-4128-0619-4<\/span><\/span>).<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    43. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Kaiser\u060c Hilmar (2010).\u00a0“Genocide at the Twilight of the Ottoman Empire”. \u0641\u064a Bloxham\u060c Donald\u061b Moses\u060c A. Dirk (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0648\u0646).\u00a0The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies<\/i>. Oxford University Press.\u00a0ISBN:9780191613616<\/bdi>. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u00a02015-03-25<\/span><\/span>.<\/cite><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    44. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Ak\u00e7am\u060c Taner\u00a0(2012).\u00a0The Young Turks’ Crime against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire<\/i>.\u00a0\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646. \u0635.\u00a0xx-xxi.\u00a0ISBN:9781400841844<\/bdi>.<\/cite>\u00a0– Accessed on\u00a0\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644\u00a0on 26 February 2015<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    45. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Bloxham\u060c Donald (2003). “Determinants of the Armenian Genocide”. \u0641\u064a Hovannisian\u060c Richard G. (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631).\u00a0Looking Backward, Moving Forward: Confronting the Armenian Genocide<\/i>\u00a0(\u0637. 2). Transaction Publishers. \u0635.\u00a034.\u00a0ISBN:9781412827676<\/bdi>. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u00a0\u0641\u064a 2021-05-01.<\/cite><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    46. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Schaller\u060c Dominik J.\u061b Zimmerer\u060c J\u00fcrgen (2012).\u00a0Late Ottoman Genocides: The Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish Population and Extermination Policies<\/i>. Routledge. \u0635.\u00a05.\u00a0ISBN:9781317990451<\/bdi>. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u00a0\u0641\u064a 2020-03-21.<\/cite><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    47. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Jones 2010\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a\u00a0171\u20132: \u2018A resolution was placed before the IAGS membership to recognize the Greek and Assyrian\/Chaldean components of the Ottoman genocide against Christians, alongside the Armenian strand of the genocide (which the IAGS has already formally acknowledged). The result, passed emphatically in December 2007 despite not inconsiderable opposition, was a resolution which I co-drafted, reading as follows:…\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    48. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0“Resolution”[\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0(PDF).\u00a0IAGS. 16 December 2007..\u00a0“\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629”\u00a0(PDF)<\/span>. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a 2019-03-02. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u00a02020-07-04<\/span><\/span>.<\/cite><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    49. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0“Genocide Resolution approved by Swedish Parliament”\u060c\u00a0News<\/i>\u00a0(full text)\u060c AM\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u00a0\u0641\u064a 2019-04-16<\/cite>, containing both the IAGS and the Swedish resolutions.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    50. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Schaller\u060c Dominik J\u061b Zimmerer\u060c J\u00fcrgen (2008). “Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies \u2013 Introduction”.\u00a0Journal of Genocide Research<\/i>. 10 (1): 7\u201314.\u00a0doi:10.1080\/14623520801950820.\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a012 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2019 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    51. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Gaunt\u060c David (2006)\u060c\u00a0Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I<\/i>\u060c Piscataway,\u00a0NJ: Gorgias\u060c\u00a0ISBN:9781593333010<\/bdi>\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u00a0\u0641\u064a 2016-04-29<\/cite><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    52. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Smith\u060c Roger W. (2015-03-11).\u00a0“Introduction: The Ottoman Genocides of Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks”.\u00a0Genocide Studies International<\/i>\u00a0(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629). 9 (1): 1\u20139.\u00a0ISSN\u00a02291-1847.\u00a0doi:10.3138\/gsi.9.1.01.”But The Young Turkish government, in power from 1908 to 1918, also subjected other Christians minorities to genocide.”\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a001 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2019 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    53. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Prott\u060c Volker (2016).\u00a0The Politics of Self-Determination:<\/i>. Oxford University Press.\u00a0ISBN\u00a09780191083549. …radical resettlement schemes of Christian minorities, on the other, was a common feature to both movements. … to the full eviction of Christian minorities from this ‘Turkish heartland’. …<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    54. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Gaunt, David (2013). Bartov\u060c Omer\u061b Weitz\u060c Eric D. (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0648\u0646).\u00a0Shatterzone of Empires: Coexistence and Violence in the German, Habsburg, Russian, and Ottoman Borderlands<\/i>\u00a0(\u0637. illustrated). Indiana University Press. \u0635.\u00a0326.\u00a0ISBN:9780253006318<\/bdi>.<\/cite><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    55. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Abdul-Massih Saadi,\u00a0The Scythe of the Ottomans and the Decimation of the Assyrian Nation, bethnahrain.net\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a024 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2017 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.\u00a0[\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    56. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Literataure: Zahrira-d-Bahra\u060c Assyrian Voice\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a025 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2016 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    57. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup>\u00a0\u062c<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0Joel Euel Werda,\u00a0The Flickering Light of Asia or The Assyrian Nation and Church\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a001 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2017 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    58. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Heazell & Smith 1913\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a09<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    59. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Wigram 1929\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0167-168<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    60. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup>\u00a0\u062c<\/sup>\u00a0\u062f<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0\u0623\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a010 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2019 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    61. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0Heazell & Smith 1913\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a06<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    62. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0McDowall 2000\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a042-44<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    63. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0\u0634\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0646\u062d\u0648\u060c\u00a0\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u062b \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648.\u0646\u062a\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a004 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2016 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    64. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0McDowall 2000\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a045-47<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    65. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Joseph 1983\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a088<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    66. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Andrieu, S\u00e9melin & Gensburger 2010\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0386<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    67. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0Totten, Bartrop & Jacobs 2008\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a057<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    68. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Totten, Bartrop & Jacobs 2008\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a019<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    69. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Gaunt & Be\u1e6f-\u015eawoce 2006\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0136<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    70. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Gaunt & Be\u1e6f-\u015eawoce 2006\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0135<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    71. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup>\u00a0\u062c<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0Malik\u060c Yusuf (1934)\u060c\u00a0[http:\/\/www.aina.org\/books\/tat.htm The Assyrian Tragedy ]<\/i>\u060c S. Michael\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u00a0\u0641\u064a 2018-10-10\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u00a02011-06-05<\/span><\/span><\/cite>\u00a0{{\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f}}<\/code>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0|\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646=<\/code>\u00a0(\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    72. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup>\u00a0\u062c<\/sup>\u00a0\u062f<\/sup>\u00a0\u0647<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0Stafford 2006\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a025<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    73. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Gaunt & Be\u1e6f-\u015eawoce 2006\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0121<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    74. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup>\u00a0\u062c<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0Hovannisian 2007\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0271<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    75. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Gaunt & Be\u1e6f-\u015eawoce 2006\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0251<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    76. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Naayem\u060c Joseph (1920)\u060c\u00a0[http:\/\/www.aina.org\/books\/stnd.htm Shall This Nation Die?]<\/i>\u060c Chaldean Rescue\u060c\u00a0ISBN:978-1150379352<\/bdi>\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u00a0\u0641\u064a 2017-03-20\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u00a02011-06-04<\/span><\/span><\/cite>\u00a0{{\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f}}<\/code>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0|\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646=<\/code>\u00a0(\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    77. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Hovannisian 2007\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0269<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    78. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Gaunt & Be\u1e6f-\u015eawoce 2006\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0265<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    79. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Ungor 2005\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a063<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    80. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Ungor 2005\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a048<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    81. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0\u00dcng\u00f6r\u060c U\u011fur.\u00a0“CUP Rule in Diyarbekir Province, 1913-1923”\u00a0(PDF)<\/span>. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u00a0(PDF)<\/span>\u00a0\u0641\u064a 2017-10-12. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u00a02011-06-06<\/span><\/span>.<\/cite><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    82. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Gaunt & Be\u1e6f-\u015eawoce 2006\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0194<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    83. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Gaunt & Be\u1e6f-\u015eawoce 2006\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0281<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    84. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0Gaunt & Be\u1e6f-\u015eawoce 2006\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0282<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    85. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0Gaunt & Be\u1e6f-\u015eawoce 2006\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0283<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    86. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup>\u00a0\u062c<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0Gaunt & Be\u1e6f-\u015eawoce 2006\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0287<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    87. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0Gaunt & Be\u1e6f-\u015eawoce 2006\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0288<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    88. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0McDowall 2000\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0103<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    89. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Gaunt & Be\u1e6f-\u015eawoce 2006\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a082<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    90. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Hannibal Travis (2006), “Native Christians Massacred”: The Ottoman Genocide of the Assyrians During World War I,\u00a0Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal<\/i>, vol. 1.3, pp. 334, 337-38.\u00a0\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0650\u064a:10.3138\/YV54-4142-P5RN-X055<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    91. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0“Turkish Horrors in Persia”.\u00a0New York Times<\/i>. 11 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1915. \u0635.\u00a04. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u00a0\u0641\u064a 2019-09-13. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u00a02008-08-19<\/span><\/span>.<\/cite><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    92. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0McDowall 2000\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0105<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    93. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0Stafford 2006\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a026<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    94. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Jwaideh 2006\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0127<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    95. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0A. Thiry\u060c\u00a0The Ataman and the Bloody Baron\u060c Shlama.be\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a030 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2017 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    96. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0McDowall 2000\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0216<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    97. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup>\u00a0\u062c<\/sup>\u00a0\u062f<\/sup>\u00a0\u0647<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0PERIOD OF DECLINE 1900 – 1918 FROM PATRIARCH MAR RUWEL SHIMUN UNTIL THE MURDER OF PATRIARCH MAR BENYAMIN SHIMUN, Mar Apram\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a004 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2016 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    98. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0Stafford 2006\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a029<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    99. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a (1991)\u060c\u00a0\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0644\u0628<\/i>\u060c \u0635.\u00a0449-450<\/cite><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    100. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Mona Fawaz and Isabelle Peillen\u060c\u00a0The case of Beirut, Lebanon\u060c\u00a0\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a023 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2016 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    101. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0The future of federalism\u060c Zouhair Ghazzal\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a026 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2017 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    102. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0Stafford 2006\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a041<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    103. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Dr. Racho Donef\u060c\u00a01923: Agha Petros and the Lausanne Telegraphs\u060c atour.com\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a024 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2017 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    104. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0International Federation for Human Rights \u2014 “Displaced persons in Iraqi Kurdistan and Iraqi refugees in Iran”, 2003.\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a012 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2017 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    105. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0“Modern Aramaic Dictionary & Phrasebook” By Nicholas Awde. Page 11.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    106. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0Gaunt & Be\u1e6f-\u015eawoce 2006\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a0163<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    107. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Ungor 2005\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a049<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    108. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Ungor 2005\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a050<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    109. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0Ungor 2005\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a075<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    110. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Ungor 2005\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a046<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    111. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Dr. Floyd O. Smith’s Report\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a004 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2016 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    112. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Diyarbekir (1915-1916): Young Turk Mass Killings at the Provincial Level\u00a0, Encyclopedia of Mass Violence\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a006 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2016 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    113. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Ungor 2005\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a047<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    114. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Ungor 2005\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u00a074<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    115. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Travis, Hannibal. “‘Native Christians Massacred’: The Ottoman Genocide of the Assyrians During World War I.”\u00a0Genocide Studies and Prevention<\/i>, Vol. 1, No. 3, December 2006, pp. 327\u2013371. Retrieved 2010-02-02.\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a05 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2021 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    116. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Gaunt.\u00a0Massacres, Resistance, Protectors<\/i>, pp. 76\u201377, 164, 181\u201396, 226\u201330, 264\u201367.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    117. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)<\/span>\u00a0Gorgis, Amill “Der V\u00f6lkermord an den Syro-Aram\u00e4ern,” in\u00a0Verfolgung, Vertreibung und Vernichtung der Christen im Osmanischen Reich 20<\/i>. Ed. Tessa Hoffman. London and Berlin: LIT Verlag, 2004.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    118. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Resolution on genocides committed by the Ottoman Empire,\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u00a0[\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a017 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2012 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    119. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0“Motion 2008\/09:U332 Genocide of Armenians, Assyrians\/Syriacs\/Chaldeans and Pontiac Greeks in 1915”.\u00a0\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0645:\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a. 11 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2010. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u00a0\u0641\u064a 2011-09-29. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u00a02010-03-12<\/span><\/span>.<\/cite><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    120. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0“Sweden to recognize Armenian genocide”.\u00a0The Local<\/i>. 11 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2010. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u00a0\u0641\u064a 2013-08-28. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u00a02010-03-12<\/span><\/span>.<\/cite><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    121. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0“Sweden Recognizes Assyrian, Greek and Armenian Genocide.”\u00a0Assyrian International News Agency<\/i>. March 12, 2010.\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a012 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2017 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    122. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0PKK Chairman’s letter to Kocharian\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a003 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2016 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    123. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0http:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/english\/domestic\/10672641.asp?scr=1\u00a0Turkey’s pro-Kurdish party leader apologized on Tuesday to Assyrian as well Armenians for the 1915 incidents.\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a02015-10-01 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    124. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0The Kurdish Parliament in Exile recognizes the Armenian genocide\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a003 2\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u06317 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    125. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0G. Mason’s University’s History News Network, Christopher Hitchens: Turkey Denies History, 5 April 2010\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a011 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2010 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    126. ^\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644:<\/span>\u0627<\/sup>\u00a0\u0628<\/sup><\/span>\u00a0“Q&A Armenian ‘genocide'”.\u00a0\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a. 12 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2006. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u00a0\u0641\u064a 2018-06-07. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u00a02006-12-29<\/span><\/span>.<\/cite><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    127. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Yves Ternon<\/i>. The \u00abLewis Affair\u00bb \/\/\u00a0Richard G. Hovannisian<\/i>. Remembrance and denial: the case of the Armenian genocide. Wayne State University Press, 1998.\u00a0ISBN 0-8143-2777-X, 9780814327777. P.237-348. \u00abThe \u201eLewis Affair\u201c began in the United States on May 19, 1985, with the publication, both in the New York Times and in the Washington Post, of an advertisement addressed to members of the House of Representatives. The statement was signed by sixty-nine academics in Turkish studies and sponsored by die Assembly of Turkish American Associations. Among the signatories was die name of Bernard Lewis, the Cleveland E. Dodge Professor of Near Eastern History at Princeton University.<\/i>\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    128. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0The Psychological Satisfaction of Denials of the Holocaust or Other Genocides by Non-Extremists or Bigots, and Even by Known Scholars, by Israel Charny, \u00abIDEA\u00bb journal, July 17, 2001, Vol.6, no.1\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a029 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2017 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    129. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Lou Ann Matossian.\u00a0Politics, scholarship, and the Armenian Genocide. Armenian Reporter. July 19, 2008\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a007 2\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u06314 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    130. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0\u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Elekda\u011f. Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 balonu nas\u0131l patlar? Milliyet. 02.10.2000<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    131. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0“Indignation in Germany: A Strong Anti-Turkey agitation begun in the empire”.\u00a0New York Times<\/i>. \u062c.\u00a0548. 13 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1896. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u00a0(PDF)<\/span>\u00a0\u0641\u064a 2016-03-08. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u00a02007-10-13<\/span><\/span>.<\/cite><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    132. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0\u201cThe famine of 1915-1918 in greater Syria,\u201d in John Spangnolo, ed., Problems of the Modern Middle East in Historical Perspectives (Reading, 1992), p.234-254.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    133. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0EU Criticizes Turkish Law on \u201cInsulting Turkishness\u201d, The Brussels Journal\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a021 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2017 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    134. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Discriminative discourse in history textbooks upsets Syriacs, Today’s Zaman\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a001 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2012 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    135. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Assyrian Genocide Memorial Monument, AUA\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a026 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2010 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.\u00a0[\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    136. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Assyrian Genocide Monument Unveiled in Australia, Asbarez.com\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a029 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2016 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    137. ^<\/b><\/span>\u00a0Memorial Pedestal in Paris to Honor Victims of 1915 Genocide\u00a0, Zinda magazine\u00a0\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629\u00a026 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2017 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n

      <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/span><\/h2>\n

      [<\/span>\u0639\u062f\u0644]<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

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        \n
      • Aboona\u060c Hirmis\u00a0(2008)\u060c\u00a0Assyrians, Kurds, and Ottomans: intercommunal relations on the periphery of the Ottoman Empire<\/i>\u060c Cambria Press\u060c\u00a0ISBN:978-1604975833<\/bdi><\/cite>\u00a0{{\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f}}<\/code>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0|\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646=<\/code>\u00a0(\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629)<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Wigram\u060c William (1929)\u060c\u00a0The Assyrians and their neighbours<\/i>\u060c Gorgias Press LLC\u060c\u00a0ISBN:978-1931956116<\/bdi><\/cite>\u00a0{{\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f}}<\/code>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0|\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646=<\/code>\u00a0(\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629)<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Gaunt\u060c David\u061b Be\u1e6f-\u015eawoce\u060c Jan (2006)\u060c\u00a0Massacres, resistance, protectors: Muslim-Christian relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I<\/i>\u060c Gorgias Press LLC\u060c\u00a0ISBN:978-1593333010<\/bdi><\/cite>\u00a0{{\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f}}<\/code>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0|\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646=<\/code>\u00a0(\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629)<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Hovannisian\u060c Richard (2007)\u060c\u00a0The Armenian genocide: cultural and ethical legacies<\/i>\u060c New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers\u060c\u00a0ISBN:978-1412806190<\/bdi><\/cite>\u00a0{{\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f}}<\/code>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0|\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646=<\/code>\u00a0(\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629)<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Yeor\u060c Bat\u061b Kochan\u060c Miriam\u061b Littman\u060c David (2001)\u060c\u00a0Islam and Dhimmitude: where civilizations collide<\/i>\u060c Fairleigh Dickinson University Press\u060c\u00a0ISBN:978-0838639436<\/bdi><\/cite>\u00a0{{\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f}}<\/code>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0|\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646=<\/code>\u00a0(\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629)<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Jwaideh\u060c Wadie (2006)\u060c\u00a0The Kurdish national movement: its origins and development<\/i>\u060c Syracuse University Press\u060c\u00a0ISBN:978-0815630937<\/bdi><\/cite>\u00a0{{\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f}}<\/code>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0|\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646=<\/code>\u00a0(\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629)<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Aprim\u060c Frederick (2005)\u060c\u00a0Assyrians: the continuous saga<\/i>\u060c F.A. Aprim\u060c\u00a0ISBN:978-1413438574<\/bdi><\/cite>\u00a0{{\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f}}<\/code>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0|\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646=<\/code>\u00a0(\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629)<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Bloxham\u060c Donald\u061b Dirk\u060c Moses (2010)\u060c\u00a0The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies<\/i>\u060c Oxford University Press\u060c\u00a0ISBN:978-0199232116<\/bdi><\/cite>\u00a0{{\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f}}<\/code>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0|\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646=<\/code>\u00a0(\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629)<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Eccarius-Kelly\u060c Vera (2010)\u060c\u00a0The Militant Kurds: A Dual Strategy for Freedom<\/i>\u060c ABC-CLIO\u060c\u00a0ISBN:978-0313364686<\/bdi><\/cite>\u00a0{{\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f}}<\/code>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0|\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646=<\/code>\u00a0(\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629)<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Stafford\u060c Ronald Sempill (2006)\u060c\u00a0The Tragedy of the Assyrians<\/i>\u060c Gorgias Press LLC\u060c\u00a0ISBN:978-1593334130<\/bdi><\/cite>\u00a0{{\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f}}<\/code>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0|\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646=<\/code>\u00a0(\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629)<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Schaller\u060c Dominik (2009)\u060c\u00a0Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and young Turkish population and extermination policies<\/i>\u060c Routledge\u060c\u00a0ISBN:978-0415480123<\/bdi><\/cite>\u00a0{{\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f}}<\/code>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0|\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646=<\/code>\u00a0(\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629)<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Ungor\u060c U\u011fur (2005)\u060c\u00a0CUP Rule in Diyarbekir Province, 1913-1923<\/i><\/cite>\u00a0{{\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f}}<\/code>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0|\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646=<\/code>\u00a0(\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
      • Totten\u060c Samuel\u061b Bartrop\u060c Paul Robert\u061b Jacobs\u060c Steven (2008)\u060c\u00a0Dictionary of Genocide: A-L<\/i>\u060c ABC-CLIO\u060c\u00a0ISBN:978-0313346422<\/bdi><\/cite>\u00a0{{\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f}}<\/code>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0|\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646=<\/code>\u00a0(\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629)<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • D’Mar Shimun\u060c Theodore (2008)\u060c\u00a0The History of the Patriarchal Succession of the D’Mar Shimun Family<\/i>\u060c Xlibris Corporation\u060c\u00a0ISBN:978-1436312196<\/bdi><\/cite>\u00a0{{\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f}}<\/code>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0|\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646=<\/code>\u00a0(\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629)<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Heazell\u060c Francis Nicholson\u061b Smith\u060c Jessie Payne (1913)\u060c\u00a0Kurds and Christians<\/i>\u060c Gorgias Press LLC\u060c\u00a0ISBN:978-1593331061<\/bdi><\/cite>\u00a0{{\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f}}<\/code>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0|\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646=<\/code>\u00a0(\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629)<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • McDowall\u060c David (2000)\u060c\u00a0A modern history of the Kurds<\/i>\u060c I.B.Tauris\u060c\u00a0ISBN:978-1850434160<\/bdi><\/cite>\u00a0{{\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f}}<\/code>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0|\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646=<\/code>\u00a0(\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629)<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Joseph\u060c John (1983)\u060c\u00a0Muslim-Christian Relations and Inter-Christian Rivalries in the Middle East: The Case of the Jacobites in an Age of Transition<\/i>\u060c SUNY Press\u060c\u00a0ISBN:978-0873956000<\/bdi><\/cite>\u00a0{{\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f}}<\/code>:\u00a0<\/span>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0|\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646=<\/code>\u00a0(\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629)<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Andrieu\u060c C\u061b S\u00e9melin\u060c J\u061b Gensburger\u060c S (2010).\u00a0Resisting Genocide: The Multiple Forms of Rescue<\/i>. Columbia University Press.\u00a0ISBN:9780231701723<\/bdi>. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u00a0\u0641\u064a 2016-04-17.<\/cite>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
        \n
        <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
        <\/div>\n
        <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":43929,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1073],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43928","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1073"],"blocksy_meta":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/peregabriel.org\/saintamaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sifo1.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"admin","author_link":"https:\/\/peregabriel.org\/saintamaria\/author\/jessica\/"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/peregabriel.org\/saintamaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sifo1.jpg",1024,610,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/peregabriel.org\/saintamaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sifo1-300x300.jpg",300,300,true],"medium":["https:\/\/peregabriel.org\/saintamaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sifo1-600x357.jpg",600,357,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/peregabriel.org\/saintamaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sifo1-768x458.jpg",768,458,true],"large":["https:\/\/peregabriel.org\/saintamaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sifo1.jpg",1024,610,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/peregabriel.org\/saintamaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sifo1.jpg",1024,610,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/peregabriel.org\/saintamaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sifo1.jpg",1024,610,false],"ultp_layout_landscape_large":["https:\/\/peregabriel.org\/saintamaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sifo1.jpg",1024,610,false],"ultp_layout_landscape":["https:\/\/peregabriel.org\/saintamaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sifo1.jpg",870,518,false],"ultp_layout_portrait":["https:\/\/peregabriel.org\/saintamaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sifo1.jpg",600,357,false],"ultp_layout_square":["https:\/\/peregabriel.org\/saintamaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sifo1.jpg",600,357,false],"audioigniter_cover":["https:\/\/peregabriel.org\/saintamaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sifo1-560x560.jpg",560,560,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"admin","author_link":"https:\/\/peregabriel.org\/saintamaria\/author\/jessica\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u062d 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